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rabbit anti pad2 antibody  (Santa Cruz Biotechnology)


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    Structured Review

    Santa Cruz Biotechnology rabbit anti pad2 antibody
    Effect of AMF30a on in vitro proliferation of human corneal endothelial cells (hCECs). AMF30a (5µM, <t>PAD2</t> inhibitor, Cayman, Ann Arbor, Michigan) was applied for 48 h. ( A ) hCECs were identified using immunofluorescence staining of ZO1 and CD166. ( B - C ) Cell area of hCECs were evaluated using cell morphological pictures. Scale bar = 100 μm. ( D and E ) Cell proliferation was measured using CCK-8 cell viability assay and BrdU incorporation assay. ( F ) Cytotoxicity was evaluated using LDH cytotoxicity assay (1.002 ± 0.047 vs. 0.925 ± 0.018). ( G - I ) Cell cycle analysis was assessed using PI staining. (J and K) Wound healing assay was performed using the measurement of scratched ares. Scale bar = 500 μm. ( L and N ) Intracellular oxidative stress levels were measured using DCF-DA assay. Scale bar = 50 μm. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and **** p < 0.0001.
    Rabbit Anti Pad2 Antibody, supplied by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 2 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/rabbit+anti+pad2+antibody/PADI2+Antibody/pmc12317985-139-26-30
    Average 90 stars, based on 2 article reviews
    rabbit anti pad2 antibody - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    90/100 stars

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    1) Product Images from "AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway"

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13656-2

    Effect of AMF30a on in vitro proliferation of human corneal endothelial cells (hCECs). AMF30a (5µM, PAD2 inhibitor, Cayman, Ann Arbor, Michigan) was applied for 48 h. ( A ) hCECs were identified using immunofluorescence staining of ZO1 and CD166. ( B - C ) Cell area of hCECs were evaluated using cell morphological pictures. Scale bar = 100 μm. ( D and E ) Cell proliferation was measured using CCK-8 cell viability assay and BrdU incorporation assay. ( F ) Cytotoxicity was evaluated using LDH cytotoxicity assay (1.002 ± 0.047 vs. 0.925 ± 0.018). ( G - I ) Cell cycle analysis was assessed using PI staining. (J and K) Wound healing assay was performed using the measurement of scratched ares. Scale bar = 500 μm. ( L and N ) Intracellular oxidative stress levels were measured using DCF-DA assay. Scale bar = 50 μm. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and **** p < 0.0001.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of AMF30a on in vitro proliferation of human corneal endothelial cells (hCECs). AMF30a (5µM, PAD2 inhibitor, Cayman, Ann Arbor, Michigan) was applied for 48 h. ( A ) hCECs were identified using immunofluorescence staining of ZO1 and CD166. ( B - C ) Cell area of hCECs were evaluated using cell morphological pictures. Scale bar = 100 μm. ( D and E ) Cell proliferation was measured using CCK-8 cell viability assay and BrdU incorporation assay. ( F ) Cytotoxicity was evaluated using LDH cytotoxicity assay (1.002 ± 0.047 vs. 0.925 ± 0.018). ( G - I ) Cell cycle analysis was assessed using PI staining. (J and K) Wound healing assay was performed using the measurement of scratched ares. Scale bar = 500 μm. ( L and N ) Intracellular oxidative stress levels were measured using DCF-DA assay. Scale bar = 50 μm. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and **** p < 0.0001.

    Techniques Used: In Vitro, Immunofluorescence, Staining, CCK-8 Assay, Viability Assay, BrdU Incorporation Assay, LDH Cytotoxicity Assay, Cell Cycle Assay, Wound Healing Assay

    Effect of cytokine on human corneal endothelial cells. ( A ) Immunofluorescence staining of PAD2 shows the distribution of PAD2. Scale bar = 100 μm. ( B and C ) Western blot of PAD2 was used to evaluate the PAD2 levels. ( D and E ) ATF4 levels were evaluated using western blot. ( F ) Immunofluorescence staining of peptidyl-citrulline shows the intensity and distribution of peptidyl-citrulline. Scale bar = 100 μm. * p < 0.05.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of cytokine on human corneal endothelial cells. ( A ) Immunofluorescence staining of PAD2 shows the distribution of PAD2. Scale bar = 100 μm. ( B and C ) Western blot of PAD2 was used to evaluate the PAD2 levels. ( D and E ) ATF4 levels were evaluated using western blot. ( F ) Immunofluorescence staining of peptidyl-citrulline shows the intensity and distribution of peptidyl-citrulline. Scale bar = 100 μm. * p < 0.05.

    Techniques Used: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Western Blot

    Schematic diagram summarizing PAD2-mediated signaling in hCECs.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Schematic diagram summarizing PAD2-mediated signaling in hCECs.

    Techniques Used:

    Related Articles

    In Vitro:

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway
    Article Snippet: The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.. The cells were treated overnight with either mouse anti-E-cadherin antibody (sc-8426; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) or mouse anti-YAP antibody (sc-376830; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-PAD2 antibody (sc-293271; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-peptidyl-citrulline antibody (MABN328, Merck Millipore, Feltham, UK), and rabbit anti-NF-κB antibody (ab7970, Abcam, 1:100) at 4 °C and then rinsed with PBS.. The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain (1:2000; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA).The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain..

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway.
    Article Snippet: The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.. The cells were treated overnight with either mouse anti-E-cadherin antibody (sc-8426; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) or mouse anti-YAP antibody (sc-376830; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-PAD2 antibody (sc-293271; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-peptidyl-citrulline antibody (MABN328, Merck Millipore, Feltham, UK), and rabbit anti-NF-κB antibody (ab7970, Abcam, 1:100) at 4 °C and then rinsed with PBS.. The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain (1:2000; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA).The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain..

    Immunofluorescence:

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway
    Article Snippet: The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.. The cells were treated overnight with either mouse anti-E-cadherin antibody (sc-8426; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) or mouse anti-YAP antibody (sc-376830; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-PAD2 antibody (sc-293271; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-peptidyl-citrulline antibody (MABN328, Merck Millipore, Feltham, UK), and rabbit anti-NF-κB antibody (ab7970, Abcam, 1:100) at 4 °C and then rinsed with PBS.. The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain (1:2000; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA).The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain..

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway.
    Article Snippet: The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.. The cells were treated overnight with either mouse anti-E-cadherin antibody (sc-8426; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) or mouse anti-YAP antibody (sc-376830; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-PAD2 antibody (sc-293271; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-peptidyl-citrulline antibody (MABN328, Merck Millipore, Feltham, UK), and rabbit anti-NF-κB antibody (ab7970, Abcam, 1:100) at 4 °C and then rinsed with PBS.. The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain (1:2000; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA).The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain..

    Staining:

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway
    Article Snippet: The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.. The cells were treated overnight with either mouse anti-E-cadherin antibody (sc-8426; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) or mouse anti-YAP antibody (sc-376830; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-PAD2 antibody (sc-293271; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-peptidyl-citrulline antibody (MABN328, Merck Millipore, Feltham, UK), and rabbit anti-NF-κB antibody (ab7970, Abcam, 1:100) at 4 °C and then rinsed with PBS.. The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain (1:2000; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA).The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain..

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway.
    Article Snippet: The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.. The cells were treated overnight with either mouse anti-E-cadherin antibody (sc-8426; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) or mouse anti-YAP antibody (sc-376830; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-PAD2 antibody (sc-293271; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-peptidyl-citrulline antibody (MABN328, Merck Millipore, Feltham, UK), and rabbit anti-NF-κB antibody (ab7970, Abcam, 1:100) at 4 °C and then rinsed with PBS.. The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain (1:2000; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA).The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain..

    CCK-8 Assay:

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway
    Article Snippet: The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.. The cells were treated overnight with either mouse anti-E-cadherin antibody (sc-8426; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) or mouse anti-YAP antibody (sc-376830; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-PAD2 antibody (sc-293271; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-peptidyl-citrulline antibody (MABN328, Merck Millipore, Feltham, UK), and rabbit anti-NF-κB antibody (ab7970, Abcam, 1:100) at 4 °C and then rinsed with PBS.. The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain (1:2000; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA).The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain..

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway.
    Article Snippet: The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.. The cells were treated overnight with either mouse anti-E-cadherin antibody (sc-8426; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) or mouse anti-YAP antibody (sc-376830; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-PAD2 antibody (sc-293271; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-peptidyl-citrulline antibody (MABN328, Merck Millipore, Feltham, UK), and rabbit anti-NF-κB antibody (ab7970, Abcam, 1:100) at 4 °C and then rinsed with PBS.. The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain (1:2000; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA).The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain..

    Viability Assay:

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway
    Article Snippet: The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.. The cells were treated overnight with either mouse anti-E-cadherin antibody (sc-8426; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) or mouse anti-YAP antibody (sc-376830; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-PAD2 antibody (sc-293271; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-peptidyl-citrulline antibody (MABN328, Merck Millipore, Feltham, UK), and rabbit anti-NF-κB antibody (ab7970, Abcam, 1:100) at 4 °C and then rinsed with PBS.. The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain (1:2000; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA).The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain..

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway.
    Article Snippet: The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.. The cells were treated overnight with either mouse anti-E-cadherin antibody (sc-8426; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) or mouse anti-YAP antibody (sc-376830; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-PAD2 antibody (sc-293271; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-peptidyl-citrulline antibody (MABN328, Merck Millipore, Feltham, UK), and rabbit anti-NF-κB antibody (ab7970, Abcam, 1:100) at 4 °C and then rinsed with PBS.. The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain (1:2000; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA).The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain..

    BrdU Incorporation Assay:

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway
    Article Snippet: The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.. The cells were treated overnight with either mouse anti-E-cadherin antibody (sc-8426; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) or mouse anti-YAP antibody (sc-376830; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-PAD2 antibody (sc-293271; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-peptidyl-citrulline antibody (MABN328, Merck Millipore, Feltham, UK), and rabbit anti-NF-κB antibody (ab7970, Abcam, 1:100) at 4 °C and then rinsed with PBS.. The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain (1:2000; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA).The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain..

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway.
    Article Snippet: The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.. The cells were treated overnight with either mouse anti-E-cadherin antibody (sc-8426; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) or mouse anti-YAP antibody (sc-376830; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-PAD2 antibody (sc-293271; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-peptidyl-citrulline antibody (MABN328, Merck Millipore, Feltham, UK), and rabbit anti-NF-κB antibody (ab7970, Abcam, 1:100) at 4 °C and then rinsed with PBS.. The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain (1:2000; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA).The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain..

    LDH Cytotoxicity Assay:

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway
    Article Snippet: The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.. The cells were treated overnight with either mouse anti-E-cadherin antibody (sc-8426; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) or mouse anti-YAP antibody (sc-376830; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-PAD2 antibody (sc-293271; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-peptidyl-citrulline antibody (MABN328, Merck Millipore, Feltham, UK), and rabbit anti-NF-κB antibody (ab7970, Abcam, 1:100) at 4 °C and then rinsed with PBS.. The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain (1:2000; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA).The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain..

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway.
    Article Snippet: The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.. The cells were treated overnight with either mouse anti-E-cadherin antibody (sc-8426; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) or mouse anti-YAP antibody (sc-376830; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-PAD2 antibody (sc-293271; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-peptidyl-citrulline antibody (MABN328, Merck Millipore, Feltham, UK), and rabbit anti-NF-κB antibody (ab7970, Abcam, 1:100) at 4 °C and then rinsed with PBS.. The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain (1:2000; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA).The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain..

    Cell Cycle Assay:

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway
    Article Snippet: The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.. The cells were treated overnight with either mouse anti-E-cadherin antibody (sc-8426; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) or mouse anti-YAP antibody (sc-376830; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-PAD2 antibody (sc-293271; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-peptidyl-citrulline antibody (MABN328, Merck Millipore, Feltham, UK), and rabbit anti-NF-κB antibody (ab7970, Abcam, 1:100) at 4 °C and then rinsed with PBS.. The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain (1:2000; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA).The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain..

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway.
    Article Snippet: The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.. The cells were treated overnight with either mouse anti-E-cadherin antibody (sc-8426; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) or mouse anti-YAP antibody (sc-376830; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-PAD2 antibody (sc-293271; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-peptidyl-citrulline antibody (MABN328, Merck Millipore, Feltham, UK), and rabbit anti-NF-κB antibody (ab7970, Abcam, 1:100) at 4 °C and then rinsed with PBS.. The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain (1:2000; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA).The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain..

    Wound Healing Assay:

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway
    Article Snippet: The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.. The cells were treated overnight with either mouse anti-E-cadherin antibody (sc-8426; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) or mouse anti-YAP antibody (sc-376830; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-PAD2 antibody (sc-293271; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-peptidyl-citrulline antibody (MABN328, Merck Millipore, Feltham, UK), and rabbit anti-NF-κB antibody (ab7970, Abcam, 1:100) at 4 °C and then rinsed with PBS.. The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain (1:2000; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA).The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain..

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway.
    Article Snippet: The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.. The cells were treated overnight with either mouse anti-E-cadherin antibody (sc-8426; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) or mouse anti-YAP antibody (sc-376830; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-PAD2 antibody (sc-293271; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-peptidyl-citrulline antibody (MABN328, Merck Millipore, Feltham, UK), and rabbit anti-NF-κB antibody (ab7970, Abcam, 1:100) at 4 °C and then rinsed with PBS.. The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain (1:2000; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA).The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain..

    Western Blot:

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway
    Article Snippet: The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.. The cells were treated overnight with either mouse anti-E-cadherin antibody (sc-8426; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) or mouse anti-YAP antibody (sc-376830; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-PAD2 antibody (sc-293271; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-peptidyl-citrulline antibody (MABN328, Merck Millipore, Feltham, UK), and rabbit anti-NF-κB antibody (ab7970, Abcam, 1:100) at 4 °C and then rinsed with PBS.. The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain (1:2000; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA).The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain..

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway.
    Article Snippet: The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.The cells were permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked for 1 h with 5% skim milk in PBS at 25 °C.. The cells were treated overnight with either mouse anti-E-cadherin antibody (sc-8426; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) or mouse anti-YAP antibody (sc-376830; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-PAD2 antibody (sc-293271; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-peptidyl-citrulline antibody (MABN328, Merck Millipore, Feltham, UK), and rabbit anti-NF-κB antibody (ab7970, Abcam, 1:100) at 4 °C and then rinsed with PBS.. The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain (1:2000; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA).The cells were treated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody or rabbit anti-goat antibody (1:100) for 2 h at 37 °C in the dark, and followed by counterstain with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear stain..



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    (A) Confocal micrographs of primary myoblasts differentiated for 24 h and immunostained with anti-PAD2 (red) and anti-PAD3 or anti-PAD4 (green) antibodies. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 5 μm. (B) Subcellular fractionation of primary myoblasts differentiated for 24 h showing whole-cell (WC), cytosolic (Cyt), and nuclear (Nuc.) fractions. Representative immunoblots (left) and corresponding quantification (right) of PAD2, PAD3, and PAD4 protein levels are shown. Lamin A/C and α-tubulin were used as purity controls for the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions, respectively. 20 ug of each extract was loaded onto the gels. (C) Representative immunoblots (left) and quantification (right) of histone H3 citrullination marks (H3CitR2+R8+R17, H3CitR17, and H3CitR26) in proliferating (P or Prol), time 0 (0 h), or differentiating (24 h) primary myoblasts. (D-G) ChIP-qPCR analysis showing enrichment of H3CitR2+R8+R17 (D) , H3CitR26 (E) , H3CitR17 (G) and total H3 (H) at the Pax7 promoter and at regulatory sequences controlling the indicated myogenic genes in proliferating (Prol), time 0 (0 h), and differentiating (24 h) primary myoblasts. The IgH enhancer was included as a negative sequence control. Bar graphs represent mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001. n.s., not significant.

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    Article Title: Reciprocal regulation between the protein arginine deiminases and mSWI/SNF chromatin remodelers controls skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration

    doi: 10.64898/2026.01.20.700682

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Confocal micrographs of primary myoblasts differentiated for 24 h and immunostained with anti-PAD2 (red) and anti-PAD3 or anti-PAD4 (green) antibodies. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 5 μm. (B) Subcellular fractionation of primary myoblasts differentiated for 24 h showing whole-cell (WC), cytosolic (Cyt), and nuclear (Nuc.) fractions. Representative immunoblots (left) and corresponding quantification (right) of PAD2, PAD3, and PAD4 protein levels are shown. Lamin A/C and α-tubulin were used as purity controls for the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions, respectively. 20 ug of each extract was loaded onto the gels. (C) Representative immunoblots (left) and quantification (right) of histone H3 citrullination marks (H3CitR2+R8+R17, H3CitR17, and H3CitR26) in proliferating (P or Prol), time 0 (0 h), or differentiating (24 h) primary myoblasts. (D-G) ChIP-qPCR analysis showing enrichment of H3CitR2+R8+R17 (D) , H3CitR26 (E) , H3CitR17 (G) and total H3 (H) at the Pax7 promoter and at regulatory sequences controlling the indicated myogenic genes in proliferating (Prol), time 0 (0 h), and differentiating (24 h) primary myoblasts. The IgH enhancer was included as a negative sequence control. Bar graphs represent mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001. n.s., not significant.

    Article Snippet: Rabbit anti-BAF250A (A18650) was from Abclonal Technologies Rabbit anti-PAD2 (E3P8Z; #97647), anti-vinculin (E1E9V; #13901), anti-Histone H3 (#9715), Histone H3Cit R17 (E4O3F; #97272), and anti-DPF2 (E7N8J; #71642) were from Cell Signaling Technologies.

    Techniques: Fractionation, Western Blot, ChIP-qPCR, Sequencing, Control

    Effect of AMF30a on in vitro proliferation of human corneal endothelial cells (hCECs). AMF30a (5µM, PAD2 inhibitor, Cayman, Ann Arbor, Michigan) was applied for 48 h. ( A ) hCECs were identified using immunofluorescence staining of ZO1 and CD166. ( B - C ) Cell area of hCECs were evaluated using cell morphological pictures. Scale bar = 100 μm. ( D and E ) Cell proliferation was measured using CCK-8 cell viability assay and BrdU incorporation assay. ( F ) Cytotoxicity was evaluated using LDH cytotoxicity assay (1.002 ± 0.047 vs. 0.925 ± 0.018). ( G - I ) Cell cycle analysis was assessed using PI staining. (J and K) Wound healing assay was performed using the measurement of scratched ares. Scale bar = 500 μm. ( L and N ) Intracellular oxidative stress levels were measured using DCF-DA assay. Scale bar = 50 μm. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and **** p < 0.0001.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13656-2

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of AMF30a on in vitro proliferation of human corneal endothelial cells (hCECs). AMF30a (5µM, PAD2 inhibitor, Cayman, Ann Arbor, Michigan) was applied for 48 h. ( A ) hCECs were identified using immunofluorescence staining of ZO1 and CD166. ( B - C ) Cell area of hCECs were evaluated using cell morphological pictures. Scale bar = 100 μm. ( D and E ) Cell proliferation was measured using CCK-8 cell viability assay and BrdU incorporation assay. ( F ) Cytotoxicity was evaluated using LDH cytotoxicity assay (1.002 ± 0.047 vs. 0.925 ± 0.018). ( G - I ) Cell cycle analysis was assessed using PI staining. (J and K) Wound healing assay was performed using the measurement of scratched ares. Scale bar = 500 μm. ( L and N ) Intracellular oxidative stress levels were measured using DCF-DA assay. Scale bar = 50 μm. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and **** p < 0.0001.

    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies were as follows: rabbit anti-human CD166 antibody (ab109215, Abcam, 1∶500 dilution), rabbit anti-human ZO-1 antibody (sc-10804, Santa Cruz, 1∶500 dilution), mouse anti-human ERK1/2 antibody (sc-514032, Santa Cruz, 1∶500 dilution); mouse anti-human pERK1/2 antibody (sc-136521, Santa Cruz, 1∶500 dilution); mouse anti-human YAP antibody (sc-376830, 1∶500 dilution); rabbit anti-pYAP antibody (PA5-17481, Invitrogen, 1∶500 dilution); rabbit anti-human PAD2 antibody (12110-1-AP, Proteintech, 1∶500 dilution); mouse anti-ATF4 antibody (sc-390063, 1∶500 dilution); mouse anti-human ROCK1 antibody (sc-17794, 1∶500 dilution); mouse anti-ROCK2 antibody (sc-398519, 1∶500 dilution); or rabbit anti-GAPDH antibody (LF-PA0212, Abfrontier, 1∶5000 dilution).

    Techniques: In Vitro, Immunofluorescence, Staining, CCK-8 Assay, Viability Assay, BrdU Incorporation Assay, LDH Cytotoxicity Assay, Cell Cycle Assay, Wound Healing Assay

    Effect of cytokine on human corneal endothelial cells. ( A ) Immunofluorescence staining of PAD2 shows the distribution of PAD2. Scale bar = 100 μm. ( B and C ) Western blot of PAD2 was used to evaluate the PAD2 levels. ( D and E ) ATF4 levels were evaluated using western blot. ( F ) Immunofluorescence staining of peptidyl-citrulline shows the intensity and distribution of peptidyl-citrulline. Scale bar = 100 μm. * p < 0.05.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13656-2

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of cytokine on human corneal endothelial cells. ( A ) Immunofluorescence staining of PAD2 shows the distribution of PAD2. Scale bar = 100 μm. ( B and C ) Western blot of PAD2 was used to evaluate the PAD2 levels. ( D and E ) ATF4 levels were evaluated using western blot. ( F ) Immunofluorescence staining of peptidyl-citrulline shows the intensity and distribution of peptidyl-citrulline. Scale bar = 100 μm. * p < 0.05.

    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies were as follows: rabbit anti-human CD166 antibody (ab109215, Abcam, 1∶500 dilution), rabbit anti-human ZO-1 antibody (sc-10804, Santa Cruz, 1∶500 dilution), mouse anti-human ERK1/2 antibody (sc-514032, Santa Cruz, 1∶500 dilution); mouse anti-human pERK1/2 antibody (sc-136521, Santa Cruz, 1∶500 dilution); mouse anti-human YAP antibody (sc-376830, 1∶500 dilution); rabbit anti-pYAP antibody (PA5-17481, Invitrogen, 1∶500 dilution); rabbit anti-human PAD2 antibody (12110-1-AP, Proteintech, 1∶500 dilution); mouse anti-ATF4 antibody (sc-390063, 1∶500 dilution); mouse anti-human ROCK1 antibody (sc-17794, 1∶500 dilution); mouse anti-ROCK2 antibody (sc-398519, 1∶500 dilution); or rabbit anti-GAPDH antibody (LF-PA0212, Abfrontier, 1∶5000 dilution).

    Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Western Blot

    Schematic diagram summarizing PAD2-mediated signaling in hCECs.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13656-2

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic diagram summarizing PAD2-mediated signaling in hCECs.

    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies were as follows: rabbit anti-human CD166 antibody (ab109215, Abcam, 1∶500 dilution), rabbit anti-human ZO-1 antibody (sc-10804, Santa Cruz, 1∶500 dilution), mouse anti-human ERK1/2 antibody (sc-514032, Santa Cruz, 1∶500 dilution); mouse anti-human pERK1/2 antibody (sc-136521, Santa Cruz, 1∶500 dilution); mouse anti-human YAP antibody (sc-376830, 1∶500 dilution); rabbit anti-pYAP antibody (PA5-17481, Invitrogen, 1∶500 dilution); rabbit anti-human PAD2 antibody (12110-1-AP, Proteintech, 1∶500 dilution); mouse anti-ATF4 antibody (sc-390063, 1∶500 dilution); mouse anti-human ROCK1 antibody (sc-17794, 1∶500 dilution); mouse anti-ROCK2 antibody (sc-398519, 1∶500 dilution); or rabbit anti-GAPDH antibody (LF-PA0212, Abfrontier, 1∶5000 dilution).

    Techniques:

    Effect of AMF30a on in vitro proliferation of human corneal endothelial cells (hCECs). AMF30a (5µM, PAD2 inhibitor, Cayman, Ann Arbor, Michigan) was applied for 48 h. ( A ) hCECs were identified using immunofluorescence staining of ZO1 and CD166. ( B - C ) Cell area of hCECs were evaluated using cell morphological pictures. Scale bar = 100 μm. ( D and E ) Cell proliferation was measured using CCK-8 cell viability assay and BrdU incorporation assay. ( F ) Cytotoxicity was evaluated using LDH cytotoxicity assay (1.002 ± 0.047 vs. 0.925 ± 0.018). ( G - I ) Cell cycle analysis was assessed using PI staining. (J and K) Wound healing assay was performed using the measurement of scratched ares. Scale bar = 500 μm. ( L and N ) Intracellular oxidative stress levels were measured using DCF-DA assay. Scale bar = 50 μm. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and **** p < 0.0001.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13656-2

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of AMF30a on in vitro proliferation of human corneal endothelial cells (hCECs). AMF30a (5µM, PAD2 inhibitor, Cayman, Ann Arbor, Michigan) was applied for 48 h. ( A ) hCECs were identified using immunofluorescence staining of ZO1 and CD166. ( B - C ) Cell area of hCECs were evaluated using cell morphological pictures. Scale bar = 100 μm. ( D and E ) Cell proliferation was measured using CCK-8 cell viability assay and BrdU incorporation assay. ( F ) Cytotoxicity was evaluated using LDH cytotoxicity assay (1.002 ± 0.047 vs. 0.925 ± 0.018). ( G - I ) Cell cycle analysis was assessed using PI staining. (J and K) Wound healing assay was performed using the measurement of scratched ares. Scale bar = 500 μm. ( L and N ) Intracellular oxidative stress levels were measured using DCF-DA assay. Scale bar = 50 μm. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and **** p < 0.0001.

    Article Snippet: The cells were treated overnight with either mouse anti-E-cadherin antibody (sc-8426; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) or mouse anti-YAP antibody (sc-376830; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-PAD2 antibody (sc-293271; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-peptidyl-citrulline antibody (MABN328, Merck Millipore, Feltham, UK), and rabbit anti-NF-κB antibody (ab7970, Abcam, 1:100) at 4 °C and then rinsed with PBS.

    Techniques: In Vitro, Immunofluorescence, Staining, CCK-8 Assay, Viability Assay, BrdU Incorporation Assay, LDH Cytotoxicity Assay, Cell Cycle Assay, Wound Healing Assay

    Effect of cytokine on human corneal endothelial cells. ( A ) Immunofluorescence staining of PAD2 shows the distribution of PAD2. Scale bar = 100 μm. ( B and C ) Western blot of PAD2 was used to evaluate the PAD2 levels. ( D and E ) ATF4 levels were evaluated using western blot. ( F ) Immunofluorescence staining of peptidyl-citrulline shows the intensity and distribution of peptidyl-citrulline. Scale bar = 100 μm. * p < 0.05.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13656-2

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of cytokine on human corneal endothelial cells. ( A ) Immunofluorescence staining of PAD2 shows the distribution of PAD2. Scale bar = 100 μm. ( B and C ) Western blot of PAD2 was used to evaluate the PAD2 levels. ( D and E ) ATF4 levels were evaluated using western blot. ( F ) Immunofluorescence staining of peptidyl-citrulline shows the intensity and distribution of peptidyl-citrulline. Scale bar = 100 μm. * p < 0.05.

    Article Snippet: The cells were treated overnight with either mouse anti-E-cadherin antibody (sc-8426; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) or mouse anti-YAP antibody (sc-376830; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-PAD2 antibody (sc-293271; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-peptidyl-citrulline antibody (MABN328, Merck Millipore, Feltham, UK), and rabbit anti-NF-κB antibody (ab7970, Abcam, 1:100) at 4 °C and then rinsed with PBS.

    Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Western Blot

    Schematic diagram summarizing PAD2-mediated signaling in hCECs.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13656-2

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic diagram summarizing PAD2-mediated signaling in hCECs.

    Article Snippet: The cells were treated overnight with either mouse anti-E-cadherin antibody (sc-8426; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) or mouse anti-YAP antibody (sc-376830; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-PAD2 antibody (sc-293271; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-peptidyl-citrulline antibody (MABN328, Merck Millipore, Feltham, UK), and rabbit anti-NF-κB antibody (ab7970, Abcam, 1:100) at 4 °C and then rinsed with PBS.

    Techniques:

    mRNA expression of protein arginine deiminase 2 and 4 in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. mRNA was isolated from the ileal and colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC; active disease, n = 20; remitted disease, n = 20) and Crohn’s disease (CD; active disease, n = 10; remitted disease, n = 10). Non-tumorous portions of the colonic mucosa in patients with colon adenoma served as healthy colonic mucosa (HC, n = 4). qRT-PCR analysis of the mRNA expression levels of protein arginine deiminase (PAD)2 and PAD4. Each dot represents the value for each patient. (A) Data are presented as the mean ± SE. ** p <0.01, N.S.; not significant. (B) Correlation between PAD2 and PAD4 mRNA expression in patients with UC and CD. P values and correlation coefficient ( r ) values, as determined by Pearson’s correlation coefficient, are shown.

    Journal: Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition

    Article Title: Reciprocal regulation of protein arginine deiminase 2 and 4 expression in the colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis

    doi: 10.3164/jcbn.23-77

    Figure Lengend Snippet: mRNA expression of protein arginine deiminase 2 and 4 in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. mRNA was isolated from the ileal and colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC; active disease, n = 20; remitted disease, n = 20) and Crohn’s disease (CD; active disease, n = 10; remitted disease, n = 10). Non-tumorous portions of the colonic mucosa in patients with colon adenoma served as healthy colonic mucosa (HC, n = 4). qRT-PCR analysis of the mRNA expression levels of protein arginine deiminase (PAD)2 and PAD4. Each dot represents the value for each patient. (A) Data are presented as the mean ± SE. ** p <0.01, N.S.; not significant. (B) Correlation between PAD2 and PAD4 mRNA expression in patients with UC and CD. P values and correlation coefficient ( r ) values, as determined by Pearson’s correlation coefficient, are shown.

    Article Snippet: PAD2 and PAD4 expression was visualized using the DAKO EnVision+ System (DAKO JAPAN, Tokyo, Japan), as previously described, with rabbit human anti-PAD2 antibody (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL) and anti-PAD4 antibody (GeneTex, Irvine, CA). ( )

    Techniques: Expressing, Isolation, Quantitative RT-PCR

    Correlation between the mRNA expression of protein arginine deiminase 4 ( PAD4 ) and cytokines in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). mRNA was isolated from the colonic mucosa of patients with UC. (A) Correlation between the mRNA expression of PAD4 and IFN-α4 , IFN-β , IL12/23p40 , C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 ( CXCL8 ), CXCL10 , TNF receptor-associated factor 3 ( TRAF3 ), interferon regulatory factor 3 ( IRF3 ), IRF7 , IL-6 , and TNF -α. (B) Correlation between the mRNA expression of PAD2 and IFN-α4 , IFN-β , CXCL8 , CXCL10 , IL-6 , and TNF -α. Each dot represents the value for each patient. P values and correlation coefficient ( r ) values, as determined by Pearson’s correlation coefficient, are shown.

    Journal: Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition

    Article Title: Reciprocal regulation of protein arginine deiminase 2 and 4 expression in the colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis

    doi: 10.3164/jcbn.23-77

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation between the mRNA expression of protein arginine deiminase 4 ( PAD4 ) and cytokines in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). mRNA was isolated from the colonic mucosa of patients with UC. (A) Correlation between the mRNA expression of PAD4 and IFN-α4 , IFN-β , IL12/23p40 , C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 ( CXCL8 ), CXCL10 , TNF receptor-associated factor 3 ( TRAF3 ), interferon regulatory factor 3 ( IRF3 ), IRF7 , IL-6 , and TNF -α. (B) Correlation between the mRNA expression of PAD2 and IFN-α4 , IFN-β , CXCL8 , CXCL10 , IL-6 , and TNF -α. Each dot represents the value for each patient. P values and correlation coefficient ( r ) values, as determined by Pearson’s correlation coefficient, are shown.

    Article Snippet: PAD2 and PAD4 expression was visualized using the DAKO EnVision+ System (DAKO JAPAN, Tokyo, Japan), as previously described, with rabbit human anti-PAD2 antibody (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL) and anti-PAD4 antibody (GeneTex, Irvine, CA). ( )

    Techniques: Expressing, Isolation

    Correlation between the mRNA expression of protein arginine deiminase 4 ( PAD4 ) and cytokines in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). mRNA was isolated from the ileal and colonic mucosa of patients with CD. (A) Correlation between the mRNA expression of PAD4 and IFN-α4 , IFN-β , IL12/23p40 , C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 ( CXCL8 ), CXCL10 , TNF receptor-associated factor 3 ( TRAF3 ), interferon regulatory factor 3 ( IRF3 ), IRF7 , IL-6 , and TNF-α . (B) Correlation between the mRNA expression of PAD2 and IFN-α4 , IFN-β , CXCL8 , CXCL10 , IL-6 , and TNF-α . Each dot represents the value for each patient. P values and correlation coefficient ( r ) values, as determined by Pearson’s correlation coefficient, are shown.

    Journal: Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition

    Article Title: Reciprocal regulation of protein arginine deiminase 2 and 4 expression in the colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis

    doi: 10.3164/jcbn.23-77

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation between the mRNA expression of protein arginine deiminase 4 ( PAD4 ) and cytokines in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). mRNA was isolated from the ileal and colonic mucosa of patients with CD. (A) Correlation between the mRNA expression of PAD4 and IFN-α4 , IFN-β , IL12/23p40 , C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 ( CXCL8 ), CXCL10 , TNF receptor-associated factor 3 ( TRAF3 ), interferon regulatory factor 3 ( IRF3 ), IRF7 , IL-6 , and TNF-α . (B) Correlation between the mRNA expression of PAD2 and IFN-α4 , IFN-β , CXCL8 , CXCL10 , IL-6 , and TNF-α . Each dot represents the value for each patient. P values and correlation coefficient ( r ) values, as determined by Pearson’s correlation coefficient, are shown.

    Article Snippet: PAD2 and PAD4 expression was visualized using the DAKO EnVision+ System (DAKO JAPAN, Tokyo, Japan), as previously described, with rabbit human anti-PAD2 antibody (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL) and anti-PAD4 antibody (GeneTex, Irvine, CA). ( )

    Techniques: Expressing, Isolation